Viagracom | Science

into a more theoretical activity. The science from pharmacology became more advanced, thus researchers to develop can a larger understanding of, how drugs in the body work. This larger understanding shifted the letter and the attitude for pharmaceutical research. The shift to one science based process is however not completely complete. It arose fast in some therapeutic categories as in other one and in somewhat pharmaceutical enterprises than in others. These two measures are naturally not independent for companies, whose work is concentrated more heavily within the ranges, in those science-driven activities to have completely taken and have in sequence the new procedure faster accepted to influence. A remarkable characteristic over this technological shift was the considerable non-uniformness in the assumption process. The diffusion of this change was complete not fast or. A reason is that enterprises, which would like to use the new technology can invest not in the basic research only. Cockburn and Henderson (1998) emphasize that „it is also important for the enterprise, to the broader scientific community to be attached actively “(P. 158). They developed the concept „the logic, “, as by the range of a co-operation in the scientific papers of the letter over institution borders measured and it placed that „the enterprises, which wish for sector research do more firmly must, invests as simple in in-plant basic research: they must co-operate with their sector colleagues also actively. …. The extent of one this co-operation… hangs positively with private sector research productivity “together (P. 180). The process, by which enterprises acquire this new technology, is not simple or refers, nor reaches without costs. Cockburn, Henderson and star (1999) emphasize the value of the organizational factors and the distribution of power relationshipswithin firmfor the speed, at which new research methods are used. Some enterprises to the new technology than others are corresponded to more. The authors notice that all emphasized their correspondents „that differences concerning the historical experience of the enterprise, in their `knowledge capital, ' were critically important, if one formed the assumption decision “(P. 19). In order to examine the diffusion process empirically, Cockburn investigate et al. the relationship between patenting and publishing by the scientific personnel of the company. As the older, empirischeren beginnings, were valid these activities replacement were used, and than the publication not the lively research discoveries. In contrast to this research organizations saw the publication of the research discoveries using science based the methods differently than. These activities became lively as promotion of the increased interdependence with the scientific community. For this reason patenting and | There cannot be a question, which was somewhat very wonderful, exciting, extremely importantly and productive research and within pharmaceutical industry is done. However I do not think the fact that her in each regard this fine and worthwhile activities to underline abort would do that much, which research in pharmaceutical industry is called little relationship too, which most people, which participated in Academic and research work, would regard, for being scientific research.2 if this illustration applied to the early postwar years, it describe the pharmaceutical researchprocess very well not at the beginning 21. Century has. Which once was, a largely empirical discovery process has itself development clay/tone reason is that firms who want ton employ the new technology CAN emergency merely invest in basic research. Cockburn and Henderson (1998) emphasize that “it is thus important for the firm tons of fuel element actively connected ton the against scientific community” (p. 158). They developed the concept OF “connectedness,” as measured by the extent OF collaboration in writing scientific PAPERs across institutional boundaries, and conclude that “firms wishing ton public sector research must DO more than simply invest into in-house basic research: they thus actively collaborate with their public sector colleagues must. … The extent OF this collaboration… is positively related ton private sector research productivity” (p. 180). The process by which firms acquire this new technology is emergency simple or direct, nor obtained without cost. Cockburn, Henderson, and star (1999) emphasize the importance OF organizational factors and the distribution OF power relationshipswithin the firmfor the speed RK which new research methods acres employed. Some firms acres more suited ton the new technology than others. The authors note that all their informant emphasized “that differences into the historical experience OF the firm, into their `knowledge capital, 'were critically important into shaping the adoption decision” (p. 19). Ton examine the diffusion process empirically, Cockburn et al. explore the relationship between patenting and publishing by the company's scientific staff. When the more older, more empirical approaches were employed, thesis of activities were considered substitutes, and the publication OF research findings emergency encouraged. In contrast, research organizations using more science based methods saw the publication OF research findings differently. Thesis activities were encouraged as promoting increased interdependence with the scientific community. For this reason, patenting and | There CAN fuel element NO question that some very wonderful, exciting, extremely important, and productive research has been and is being done within the pharmaceutical industry. However, I DO emergency think that it would detract in any way from thesis fine and worthwhile activities ton of POINT out that much that is called research into the pharmaceutical industry has little relationship tons what most people engaged in academic and research activities would consider tons of fuel element scientific research.2 If this picture applied ton the early was years, it does emergency describe the pharmaceutical researchprocess verywell RK the beginning OF the twenty roofridge century. What which once A largely empirical discovery process has developed