In this chapter I return for the topic of my doctor paper, finally to 1963 under the same title. My purpose then, like now, to investigate was value of the research and development (R& D) for new products in pharmaceutical industry. Such products represent new medical progress and have you a noticeable effect on number of deaths and illness numbers. The structure of the discovery and the Entwickelns of the new drugs has itself largely shifted in the last 20 years. In the early years of this industry, from its rebirth after the Second World War by approximately the end of the seventies-years, „in the house “most of their primary product developed the mainpharmaceutical enterprises, largely by the examination of many existing means. Scientific knowledge was reached mainly by the freely existing sources. There were possibly 40 to a high degree integrated enterprises world-wide, contributed to this effort.1 since at that time is the process of the drug development and the discovery nascently increasingly the complex. Again technology, designation „as biotechnology, appeared “which this process on a more scientific basis set. A new set of enterprises appeared: main-undertake smaller and pharmaceutical between the scientific community mediated and. It that between 25% and 40% of reports sales by the mainpharmaceutical enterprises are at present from the products originated from the Biotech sector. In this report of the chapter I, the new structure for research describes and explains the extending economic literature. Together with the new scientific knowledge, I find an increase degree at decay as the main companies leave you increasingly financed work by others would drive out. I regard costs and use of the new structure and investigate the implication of the river tendencies for the efficiency of the drug development process. At the same time the industry with lasting efforts in the decades must compute in front to support the market power of the demand side of the market. It is looked for, by engaging oneself completely patients with price competition throughvarious formsof of the cost division, including purchase price calculation. It is looked for also by the natural addition of the added cost division of the patients larger transparency of the prices and the relative profitability of the rivaling pharmaceutical products. These certain beginnings to supporting the demand side are certainly tried in the countries, in which national supervision of the price calculation was weak or absent. But, evenwhere governments steered so far drug prices, can such price controls into the larger cost division by patients and the connected transparency from prices and from profitability in the course of the time be converted. In „an information infrastructure for the pharmaceutical market, “this author suggested such an approach for the United States, although it would be applicable to each possible country (Reinhardt 2004). Or some private, non-profit Phamaco economic research institutes (PERIs) were preferably formed permanently by law and generous initial equipment granted, which we said of the government to 1% a tax on all pharmaceutical retail trade sale in or two years were financed. These equipments could be supplemented by the time or by the time at the beginning or been enough generous not to need such enrichments. Like private universities in the United States, the PERIs would invest its equipments in varied briefcases of the financial active. The return of these investments and of possibly annual Take downs the equipments themselves, became a current sentence research studies financiers, who were led by high calibers, to a high degree - respected pharmaco economic researchers found either at the PERIs themselves or in the academic institutes, which work under contract of the PERIs. These studies will are constantly by everyone regarding the raw data and the method teachings completely überprufbar and would cover by the researchers, who were engaged by pharmaceutical industry. The PERIs would also supervise the achievement of the drugs after product introduction and would evaluate new therapeutic applications, which emerge after product introduction. The research discoveries, which were produced by the PERIs, were treated as pure Gemeingut+E896, therefore it that they were announced to be on a web site and world-wide present for everyone, meant free of charge. The mechanism of the relative profitability of the rivaling pharmaceutical products raises extraordinary methodologische problems, as greatly well-being descriptive in the Bible for such studies, Drummond et al. Methods for the economic evaluation of the health care programs (2005). „The costs “, which are used in such evaluations, can be analyzed narrowly, in order to be only those the insurer or the insurer and the patients, or all social costs to cover including very far those by the family members, by the employers and by others in the society to be carried (e.g., infection). Use in the Kostengünstigkeitstudien is usually measured by physical Gesundheitstatus announcements, stored like added life years or changes in the blood pressure, but they must be adjusted to the quality of life, which release in sequence a landlord of the additional methodologischen challenges and,